The working principle of punching machine and the maintenance

One, working principle and classification of punch press 1, the working principle of punching machine, punching machine design principle is converts circular motion to linear motion. By the main motor, drive the flywheel, clutch driven gear, crankshaft, Or eccentric gear) , connecting rod, such as operation, to achieve the linear motion of the slider, from the main motor to the rod movement in circular motion. Linkage between slide block and needs to have a circular motion and linear motion in terms of its design on roughly two kinds of institutions, a ball, a type of pin ( Cylindrical) , through the organization transform circular motion into the linear motion of the slider. Punch on the material pressure, make its plastic deformation, and get the required shape and precision, so you must cooperate with a set of mould ( Upper die and lower die) , the material placed in the meantime, by the pressure on the machine, make its deformation, when processing applied to materials caused by the force of reaction, by the punch machine absorbed by the body. Second, the classification of the punch: 1, according to the slider driving force can be divided into mechanical and hydraulic type two kinds, so the press in accordance with the driving force of the use of different can be divided into: ( 1) Mechanical press ( 2) Hydraulic press general sheet metal stamping processing, most of the use of mechanical press. Hydraulic punching machine, according to its using liquid type press oil pressure and hydraulic pressure type punch, currently using hydraulic punch majority, hydraulic pressure type punch are used in large machinery or special. 2. In accordance with the slider movement pattern classification: in accordance with the slider movement way classification have single, double acting, three move, such as punch is currently use most of a slider single action press, double acting and three dynamic press mainly used in car bodies and large machined part stretch processing, the quantity is very little. 3. In accordance with the slider driving mechanism classification: ( 1) Crankshaft crankshaft institutions of punch press use is called a crank press, most of the mechanical press the use of the organization. Crankshaft institutions use the most reason is that easy to make, can be the right decision schedule bottom position and the slider movement curve, generally applicable to all kinds of processing. Therefore, this type of stamping is made between cutting, bending, stretching, hot forging, warm forging, cold forging and almost all of the other punch processing. ( 2) Without crankshaft type press crank shaft type press is also called the eccentric gear type press. Crankshaft, punch and eccentric gear type press two tectonic features: eccentric shaft rigidity, lubrication of gear type punch structure, appearance, maintenance and other aspects is superior to the crankshaft structure, disadvantage is the price is higher. Stroke is longer, the eccentric gear type punch favourable, die-cutting machine, such as shorter stroke, crank press is better, the minicomputer and high-speed cutting is also a crank press fields such as with a punch press. ( 3) Toggle type press use toggle on the slider driven institution (referred to as the toggle type press. The press has the dead point near the slider speed becomes very slow ( Compared to crank press) Unique sliding block motion curve. And decided to travel properly under dead point position, therefore, the punch press is suitable for the compression of stamping processing and finishing, such as processing, between cold forging used up now. ( 4) Friction type press using friction drive and on track drive screw mechanism of punch press called friction. This punch is optimum forging, crushing homework, also can be used in machining, forming, bending, stretching, etc have the functions of versatility, because the price is low, the 60 s have been widely used. Unable to determine trip end position, under the poor machining precision and production speed is slow, the control error will be produced on the load and the use need skilled technical shortcomings, such as, is now obsolete. ( 5) Screw press on the slider driving mechanism using screw mechanism called spiral press ( Or screw press) Now rarely in use. ( 6) Rack type press on the slider driving mechanism using institution (referred to as the rack and pinion and rack type press. Screw press and rack type press have almost the same properties, its features and characteristics of hydraulic presses to the same. Used to be used for voltage into the bushing, debris and other items of extrusion, shell oil, strapping, and the pressure of the ( Thin of hot extrusion processing) Etc. , but has now been replaced by hydraulic presses, unless a special situation no longer use. ( 7) Connecting rod type press on the slider driving mechanism using a variety of linkage punch called connecting rod type press. Use the purpose of the linkage in stretch processing side will stretch speed keep within a limit, and shorten the processing cycle, using the reduction of stretch processing speed change, speed up from TDC to processing and the starting point of the close to travel from the bottom dead center dead point of the return stroke speed, make its have the shorter than crank press cycle, in order to improve the productivity. This kind of punch press since the ancient times is used for deep drawing of cylindrical container, a narrow bed mesa, and recently has been used in automobile body panel processing, the wide bed mesa. ( 8) CAM type press use CAM mechanism on the slider driving mechanism of the punch is called CAM punch. The characteristic of the punch is making the appropriate CAM shape, so easy to get to the slider movement curve. But because of the nature of the CAM mechanism is difficult to convey a larger force, so the press capacity is small. Clothing industry commonly used commonly.